Your slurm.conf should be the same on all machines (is it? you don't have Prolog configured on some but not others?), but no, it is not mandatory to use a prolog. I am simply surprised that you could get a "Prolog error" without having a prolog configured, since an error in the prolog program itself is how I always get that error. Yours must be some kind of communication problem, or a difference in expectation between daemons about what requests ought be exchanged.